Efficient generation of the ideals of a poset in Gray code order

Pruesse et Ruskey ont présenté un algorithme pour la génération de leur code Gray pour les idéaux d'un poset (ensemble partiellement ordonné) où deux idéaux adjacents diffèrent par un ou deux éléments. Leur algorithme fonctionne en temps amorti de O(n) par idéal. Squire a présenté une récurrence pour les idéaux d'un poset qui lui a permis de trouver un algorithme pour générer ces idéaux en temps amorti de O(log n) par idéal, mais pas en code Gray. Nous utilisons la récurrence de Squire pour trouver un code Gray pour les idéaux d'un poset, où deux idéaux adjacents diffèrent par un ou deux éléments. Dans le pire des cas, notre algorithme a la même complexité que celle de l'algorithme de Pruesse et Ruskey et dans les autres cas, sa complexité est meilleure que celle de leur algorithme et se rapproche de celle de l'algorithme de Squire. Squire a donné une condition pour obtenir cette complexité. Nous avons trouvé une condition moins restrictive que la sienne. Cette condition nous a permis d'améliorer la complexité de notre algorithme. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Poset, Extension linéaire, Cycle hamiltonien, Code Gray, Algorithme, Complexité

Calibration and Validation of The Population Mobility and Housing Price Sub-Modules of The Smartplans Integrated Urban Model

Since the 1960s, Integrated Urban Models (IUMs) have consistently been applied to simulate the future of cities. Technological advancement in recent years has opened the doors for sophisticated IUMs to be developed, ones requiring extreme computing power. The SMARTPLANS IUM is one example. While the development and application of SMARTPLANS exists in the literature, exploring potential improvements in the model’s predictive ability is lacking. This dissertation aims to fill the gap in the literature by focusing on two sub-modules of SMARTPLANS to test and ultimately advance their performance. The research conducted in this thesis explores the population mobility and land price submodules within the Land Use Module of SMARTPLANS. The models were estimated using relevant parameters, compared over time, and validated with Canadian census data. The results show that the population aged 24-35 is the primary influencing factor to impact population mobility in all study areas. Additionally, the number of detached dwellings and household income were found to positively impact house prices in all models. Further, the number of row houses and the distance from the central business district (CBD) negatively influenced prices. The estimated models for the two sub-modules suggest stable transferability over time in regions experiencing steady pace growth. Furthermore, the analysis confirms a strong spatial influence present in the data associated with both submodules. As such, the utilization of spatially oriented techniques, namely the Simultaneous Auto-Regressive (SAR) model, resulted in superior predictions when compared to the predictions obtained from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models. The implementation of SAR models within SMARTPLANS will therefore improve its predictive ability

Future prospects of the renewable energy sector in libya

This study investigates the options available to the energy sector in Libyan, particularly in relation to the potential of using renewable energy as one of the main sources for the country. Libyan government has set a target for renewable energy resources sharing with current energy sources to reach 30% by the year 2030 which mainly includes wind energy, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Water Heating (SWH). The argument here is not whether this can be completed or not within the stipulated time. But the main objective is achieving a sustainable economic growth through a clean energy system and for the energy supply to maintain meeting the growing energy demand. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the current energy supply and future demands in Libya. This paper integrates data from literature review, field visits and interviews with Libyan energy experts to paint a comprehensive picture in relation to energy demand and consumption. The findings which have emerged from the analysis of this data reflect energy challenges and opportunities in Libya. Furthermore, securing alternative resources of energy and income are becoming critically important for Libya and other countries within the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) if they wish to maintain the same standard of living for future generations and reduce pollution, fossil fuel local consumption and carbon emission

Shade in the Tropics: a phenomenological approach to man and his environment

This thesis is concerned with the study of aspects of shade in the tropical urban environment. It attempts to reveal the primacy of the qualitative nature of this phenomenon and puts its quantitative description in its proper place.A phenomenological analysis of the meanings and values of shade leads to the qualitative choice of the courtyard as a viable and relevant form [both socioculturally and climatically] upon which a systematic quantitative investigation of shade is carried out by developing a mathematical model which represents the interaction taking place between solar shading and groups of courtyard forms. Taking the city of Abu Dhabi as a typical example of the prevailing climatic conditions in the Gulf, the model is implemented on a computer and utilized to generate detailed data of the time -averaged distribution of shade on the ground.This quantitative investigation identifies the ranges and the effects of the geometrical parameters of courtyards on the time -averaged distribution of shading and defines their inter -relationships. The generative potentials of the model are illustrated through the interplay between research and design

Les codes Gray pour les idéaux d'un poset et pour d'autres objets combinatoires

Pruesse et Ruskey ont trouvé un code Gray pour les idéaux d'un ensemble partiellement ordonné (poset) et un algorithme récursif pour les engendrer. Dans ce mémoire, un algorithme non-récursif qui engendre la même liste d'idéaux est présenté. De plus, plusieurs autres codes Gray classiques majoritairement reliés aux posets et leurs implantations\ud sont étudiés. Plus particulièrement, les codes Gray de Chase et de Ruskey pour les combinaisons, celui de Ruskey et Proskurowski pour les mots de Dyck et celui de Walsh pour les involutions sans point fixe sont étudiés. Le code Gray de Chase est présenté sous forme d'un programme FORTRAN. Vajnovszki et Walsh ont trouvé une implantation plus simple sans en donner une preuve formelle; une telle preuve est présentée dans ce mémoire. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Code Gray, Idéal, Ensemble partiellement ordonné (poset), Extension linéaire, Poset forêt, Algorithme, Non-récursif, Sans-boucle, Temps constant amorti (CAT)

Reading the Mind in the Eyes: Theory of Mind in Acute Psychosis and Schizophrenia

Background: The extant literature indicates that patients with acute psychosis or schizophrenia, as well as nonpsychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, all exhibit “Theory of Mind” (TOM) impairments. Objective: To assess TOM functioning and identify its correlates among a sample of patients with acute psychosis, schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: Case control study conducted on 20 patients with acute psychosis, 40 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy control volunteers. Patients admitted at Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospitals, diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Severity of symptoms assessed by the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, while volunteers were assessed by General health questionnaire. All groups were assessed by Reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Results: There was significant difference between patients with schizophrenia who scored worse at the RMET than patients with acute psychosis while both have TOM deficit in comparison with the control group. No significant correlation between age or gender in all the three groups and their TOM functioning. There was significant negative correlation between duration of illness of patients with schizophrenia and their TOM functioning. In patients with acute psychosis group, negative symptoms were negatively correlated with the TOM functioning, while in patients with schizophrenia group positive and negative symptoms were negatively correlated with their TOM functioning

Investigating Postpartum Depression in Southern Rural Egypt and Effects of Sertraline on Fsh and Lh Gene Expression on Fathead Minnows Using Rt-pcr

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major health problem that affects many women worldwide. In Egypt, PPD is neglected despite the expected high prevalence rate among women during the transition period after the Egyptian revolution. This research investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and interventions of postpartum depression in southern rural Egypt. Interviews were conducted with 57 participants recruited from public and private hospitals. Questionnaires and the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were administered. The prevalence of PPD is 73.7%. PPD is associated with low income and age at childbirth. Most participants regarded screening mothers after childbirth for PPD as effective; in comparison to, antidepressants that were regarded by most participants as ineffective. Women in southern rural Egypt prefer high number of pregnancies, so investigating the influence of sertraline, an antidepressant medication, on female hormones becomes important. In this research, fathead minnows were exposed to 3 and 10 ppb sertraline for 7 days. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the change in gene expression of the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Results showed that a down regulation at the 10 ppb was evident on the LH and to a lesser extent on FSH. Our results increased levels of sertraline inhibited GnRH which influenced expression of LH and FSH

Staff approach to cultural diversity in the kindergarten

Bacheloroppgave i barnehagelærerutdanning, Høgskolen i Innlandet, 2018.Norsk: I denne bacheloroppgaven har jeg som forsker ønsket å finne ut om personalets holdningspraksis, i arbeid med flerkulturell barnehage. I den forstand har jeg definert min problemstilling: På hvilke måter kommer personalets tilnærming til det kulturelle mangfoldet til utrykk, ved de utvalgte årsplanene? Jeg har i kontekst med mitt forskningsspørsmål frembrakt hvilke komponenter som jeg anser blir summen av våre holdninger. Konstruksjoner, makt og diskurser er med på å styre hvordan vi utøver, fremmer, og begrunner vår yrkespraksis. Jeg har tolket Michel Foucault begrepsinnhold i min teoretiske del, og i min analyse del. I følge Foucault, er vi ikke bare styrt av indre konstruerte bilder av verden, men vi er også i et politisk felt, og herredømme fra omgivelsene. Disse legger rammer og føringer for vårt arbeid. Jeg har i den forstand definert de diskursive maktene vi styres av, og de maktverdiene styringsdokumenter som rammeplanen fremmer. Jeg har valgt å analysere dokumentene årsplaner, og analysere, kode og frembringe hvordan to ulike barnehager arbeider med et kulturelt mangfold, i sitt pedagogiske arbeid.English: In this bachelor assignment, I as a researcher wanted to find out about the staffs postural practice, working with multicultural diversity in the kindergarten. In this sense, I have defined my issue: In what ways does the staffs approach to cultural diversity come to expression by the chosen annual plans? In context of my issue, I have produced components I consider to be the sum of our positions. Constructions, power and discourse help control how we practice, promote, and justify our professional practice. I have interpreted Michel Foucault's conceptual content in my theoretical part and in my analysis part. According to Foucault, we are not only guided by inner-constructed images of the world, but we are also in a political field and dominion from the surroundings. These frameworks will lay guidelines for our work. In that sense, I have defined the discursive powers we are governed by, and the powerful management documents that the framework plan promotes. I have chosen to analyze the documents annual plans, and analyze, code and produce how two different kindergartens work with cultural diversity, in their educational work

Chemical compositions and heavy metal contents of Oreochromis niloticus from the main irrigated canals (rayahs) of Nile Delta

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the seasonal variations of the proximate chemical composition, physicochemical, microbiological aspects and heavy metal concentrations of Oreochromis niloticus muscles collected from The Nile rayahs from spring 2014 to winter 2015. Rayahs are the main irrigated canals of Nile Delta, Egypt and represent El Tawfiki, El Menoufy, El Behery, and El Nasery rayahs. Results showed a spatial and temporal significant difference (p<0.01) in the proximate composition and Physicochemical aspects of O. niloticus muscles. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and calorific values varied between (78.55–80.77%), (16.10–17.88%), (1.10–1.95%), (0.55–1.50%), (0.10–0.94%) and (78.37–89.73%), respectively. Heavy metal accumulation in the O. niloticus muscles showed irregular distributions with descending order of: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd. Generally, heavy metals, TVB-N, TMA, TBA and TVC did not exceed the maximum permissible limits in the tissues of O. niloticus. The values of Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) are lower than the acceptable limits, which indicate that the metals in O. niloticus in the Nile rayahs, Egypt, do not pose any particular human health risk concern. Therefore, O. niloticus muscles collected from four rayahs are safe for human consumption and could be used as a source of healthy diet for humans